You hold A?K? and your opponent has 3?3?. The board is J?J?5?6?. Not only would the three kings and the three aces give you a higher two pair than your opponent, but any six or five would help as well. This is because with a five or six, the board contains two pairs that are both higher than your opponent’s pocket threes, meaning that the fifth card, the kicker, would decide the outcome of the hand. Your ace is the best possible kicker
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In this instance, you have 12 outs, six of which are hidden. Advanced players don’t only calculate their own outs when on a draw. They also ask themselves what hand their opponent has, and whether one of the cards they hope to appear might also give the other player an even better hand.
Cards like this are known as “discounted outs”.
The straight draw example again:
You have J?10? and the flop is 6?Q?K?. You have calculated eight outs so far (four aces and four nines)
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But how will your outs change if one your opponents has two hearts e.g. 7?6? and is therefore drawing to a flush?
In this example, two of your outs, i.e. A? and 9?, would give your opponent a better hand – even if you hit your straight.
This means you have to discount both cards from your outs. You would now only have six outs, which significantly reduces your chances of winning the hand
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In general you should take a pessimistic approach when it comes to discounting outs, as it is better to discount one out too many than one too few!