Background: Thermal sensory testing in rodents informs human pain
osrs gold for sale research. There are important differences in the methodology for
delivering thermal stimuli to humans and rodents. This is particularly
true in cold pain research. These differences confound extrapolation and
de value nociceptive tests in rodents.New method: We investigated
cooling induced behaviours in rats and psychophysical thresholds in
humans using ramped cooling stimulation protocols. A Peltier device
mounted upon force transducers simultaneously applied a ramped cooling
stimulus whilst measuring contact with rat hind paw or human finger pad.
Rat withdrawals and human detection, discomfort and pain thresholds
were measured.Results: Ramped cooling of a rat hind paw revealed two
distinct responses: Brief paw removal followed by paw replacement,
usually with more weight borne than prior to the removal (temperature
inter quartile range: 19.1 C to 2.8 C). Full withdrawal was evoked at
colder temperatures (inter quartile range: 11.3 C to 11.8 C). The
profile of human cool detection threshold and cold pain threshold were
remarkably similar to that of the rat withdrawals behaviours.Comparison:
Previous rat cold evoked behaviours utilise static temperature stimuli.
By utilising ramped cold stimuli this novel methodology better reflects
thermal testing in patients.Conclusion: Brief paw removal in the rat is
driven by non nociceptive afferents, as is the perception of cooling in
humans. This is in contrast to the nociceptor driven withdrawal from
colder temperatures. These findings have important implications for the
interpretation of data generated in older cold pain models and
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