The word ‘kurtosis’ comes from a Greek word meaning ‘humped’. In
statistics Authentic
Dorian O'Daniel Jersey , it refers to the degree of flatness or peakness
in the region about the mode of a frequency curve. Two or more distributions may
have identical average, variation and skewness, but they may show different
degrees of concentration of values of observations around the mode, and hence
may show different degrees of peakness of the hump of the distribution. Kurtosis
is the 4th central moment. This is the “peakness” of a distribution. It measures
the extent to which the data are distributed in the tails versus the center of
the distribution. There are three types of peaks.
o Leptokurtic- very peaked
o Platykurtic – relatively flat
o Mesokurtic – in between
Mesokurtic
A frequency curve that is a normal curve. When the distribution is normally distributed, its kurtosis equals 3 and it is said to be
Mesokurtic.
Leptokurtic
A frequency curve that is more peaked than the normal curve. When the distribution is less spread out than normal, its
kurtosis is greater than 3 and it is said to be leptokurtic.
Platykurtic
A frequency curve that is flat-topped than the normal curve. When the distribution is more spread out than normal, its kurtosis is less than 3 and it
is said to be Platykurtic.
Calculation of Kurtosis
The Mesokurtic, leptokurtic and Platykurtic are qualitative and subjective. The
kurtosis of a set of data is measured with the following statistic.
Collectively, the variance (s2), skew (s3), and kurtosis (s4) describe the shape of the distribution
Excess Kurtosis
The larger or smaller value of the kurtosis, the more peaked is the density function. Excess
kurtosis measures the degree to which a density function is more or less peaked
relative to a standard normal distribution, which has kurtosis equal to 3. The
excess kurtosis measure is centered such that it equals 0 for the standard
normal distribution. A probability density that has positive excess kurtosis is
referred to as being leptokurtic. If excess kurtosis is negative the probability
density is referred to as being Platykurtic. If excess kurtosis is zero, so that
the probability density has the same excess kurtosis measure as a standard
normal distribution, it is referred to as being Mesokurtic.
Conclusion
Kurtosis is derived from the fourth moment. It captures the heaviness or weight of the tails relative to the center of the distribution. Kurtosis
measures heavy tailed or light tailed relative to the normal distribution. A
heavy-tailed distribution has more values in the tails than the normal
distribution, and will have a negative kurtosis. A light-tailed distribution has
more values in the centre than the normal distribution and will have a positive
kurtosis. Kurtosis shapes of distributions are generally recognized with various
labels and associated kurtosis statistics.
" NICOSIA, July 7 (Xinhua) -- A small boat crammed with 85 refugees was spotted off the northwestern coast of Cyprus on Friday afternoon, prompting a
full-fledged search and rescue operation.
According to local police, a police patrol boat approached the boat about three nautical miles of the community of Pomos and helped it into a local
fishing port.
Police said that there were 64 men, 9 women and 12 children on the boat.
Most of them were in good shape, despite being at sea for three days, but some of them felt dizzy and were taken to a local hospital.
The community authorities offered the refugees food and water and provided clothing for some of them.
It is believed that the boat had been brought to the limits of the Cypriot territorial waters by people traffickers who then returned in a speedboat to
Turkey from where they had sailed.
The refugees, who said they were Syrian, were processed at Pomos and were later taken to a refugee center near Nicosia.
Three more boats with about 300 Syrian refugees arrive in Cyprus this year, one in February and two in March.
Xi urges BRICS to promote open world economy, multilateralism, common development
China marks 80th anniversary of nationwide war against Japan
Aircraft carrier ""Liaoning"" sails near Lamma Island in HK
Rare photos commemorate 80th anniversary of ""July 7 Incident""
Main structure of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge finished
Aircraft carrier ""Liaoning"" sails near Lamma Island in HK
Tourists visit Int'l Bazar at Urumqi in NW China's Xinjiang
Lotus flowers blossom across China
" Young bloods determine the future of a nation. Ironically when it comes to their own future, they often seem confused. Ask any student, who is on the verge
of pursuing a career course, about the field heshe wishes to take a plunge into,
you would find them struggling for an answer. Often students get confused when
questions arise regarding their career. However, one must have a clear idea as
to where heshe should go. While many students choose to pursue a career course
where there can later earn a handsome salary, many others choose the one that
their friends choose. Very few students look at their fields of interest and
their capabilities while choosing a further education course.
When such students complete their career courses and begin their career, there exist two
types of.
